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TRSC Retina and Diabetic Eye Disease Center

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a condition that can lead to vision loss, commonly affecting individuals aged 60 and above. It is caused by the deterioration of the central portion of the retina, known as the macula. AMD can arise from various causes, depending on the severity of the symptoms and the type of the condition.

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Retinal Diseases

The retina is a component of the eye located at the innermost layer of the back wall. It is a thin layer composed of numerous photoreceptor cells. Under normal circumstances, when the retina is healthy, light passing through the lens focuses precisely on the central part of the retina, allowing us to see clearly and perform various activities with ease. However, any issues affecting the retina can directly impact vision.

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Common Retinal Problems

  • Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): This is a degenerative condition associated with aging, commonly seen in individuals aged 50 and above. Symptoms often include blurred central vision, while peripheral vision remains intact. Some cases may involve distorted or wavy vision.

  • Diabetic Retinopathy: Found in diabetic patients, this is a leading cause of vision loss among working-age adults. Many patients may initially experience no symptoms as the disease progresses. However, potential signs include worsening vision, seeing shadows, or floating dark spots. Diabetic patients should be aware of their risks and consult an ophthalmologist for regular diabetic eye exams. Even in the absence of abnormalities, periodic follow-ups are essential to monitor retinal health and address any issues early.

  • Retinal Degeneration Due to Structural Issues: This is often congenital, such as a thinner retina, retinal tears, detachment, or damage caused by high myopia (severe nearsightedness).
     

Additionally, retinal diseases can arise from blood disorders (e.g., thickened or thin blood), autoimmune diseases, infections, trauma to the eyes, or complications from eye surgeries.

Causes of Retinal Degeneration?

Several factors can lead to retinal degeneration, including severe myopia (degenerative or pathologic myopia) and certain infections. However, the most common cause is aging, which is often associated with the natural deterioration of the body. Although the exact causes of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remain unclear, several risk factors include:

  • Age: The risk increases significantly in individuals aged 50 and above.

  • Genetics: There is a hereditary link between affected individuals and their immediate relatives. Routine retinal check-ups every two years are recommended for those at risk.

  • Ethnicity/Gender: The condition is most prevalent in Caucasians and women over 60 years old.

  • Alcohol and Smoking: Studies confirm that alcohol consumption and smoking significantly increase the risk.

  • Hypertension: Individuals on blood pressure medication, with high cholesterol levels, or low carotenoid levels in the blood, are at higher risk of developing wet AMD, which can cause rapid vision loss.

  • Menopause: Postmenopausal women not taking estrogen hormone therapy are also at higher risk.

  • Exposure to Light: Prolonged exposure to UV rays or blue light from computer or smartphone screens can contribute to retinal damage.

Symptoms of Retinal Degeneration?

  • Distorted or wavy vision (e.g., seeing straight lines as broken lines).

  • Difficulty seeing or reading fine details.

  • Loss of central vision.

  • Increased need for brighter light to see, along with reduced color perception.

  • Blurred or reduced vision in the central visual field.

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Retina and Vitreous Specialist

Specialist ophthalmologists in vitreous and retinal diseases, led by:

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